Ubudahangarwa bw'amazi buke, ubuso budangana, ifu nyinshi, n'uburebure budangana? Ibibazo bisanzwe n'ingamba zo kunoza umusaruro w'ibiryo byo mu mazi
Mu musaruro wacu wa buri munsi w'ibiryo byo mu mazi, twahuye n'ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bivuye mu ngingo zitandukanye. Dore ingero zimwe na zimwe zo kuganiraho na buri wese, nk'izi zikurikira:
1, Ifishi y'ifishi
1. Mu miterere y'ibiryo by'amafi, hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibikoresho fatizo by'ifu, nk'ifu y'imbuto za capeseed, ifu y'ipamba, n'ibindi, bigize fibre isanzwe. Inganda zimwe na zimwe za peteroli zifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, kandi amavuta akaranze yumye kandi nta kintu kinini arimo. Byongeye kandi, ubwo bwoko bw'ibikoresho fatizo ntibushobora kwinjiza mu buryo bworoshye umusaruro, ibyo bigira ingaruka nyinshi ku gusya. Byongeye kandi, ifu y'ipamba iragoye gusya, ibyo bigira ingaruka ku mikorere myiza.
2. Umuti: Gukoresha keke y'imbuto za rapese byongerewe, kandi ibikoresho byo mu gace nk'umuceri bran byongewemo muri iyo formula. Byongeye kandi, ingano, zigize hafi 5-8% by'iyo formula, zongewemo. Binyuze mu kuvugurura, ingaruka za granulation mu 2009 ni nziza cyane, kandi umusaruro kuri toni na wo wariyongereye. Uduce twa 2.5mm turi hagati ya toni 8-9, ubwiyongere bwa toni hafi 2 ugereranije n'igihe cyashize. Isura y'uduce nayo yarushijeho kuba nziza cyane.
Byongeye kandi, kugira ngo twongere imikorere myiza y'ifu y'imbuto z'ipamba, twavanze ifu y'imbuto z'ipamba n'ifu y'imbuto z'ipamba ku gipimo cya 2:1 mbere yo kuyisya. Nyuma yo kuyisya, umuvuduko wo kuyisya wari uhwanye cyane n'umuvuduko wo kuyisya w'ifu y'imbuto z'ipamba.
2, Ubuso bw'uduce butaringaniye
1. Igira ingaruka zikomeye ku isura y'umusaruro urangiye, kandi iyo wongewe mu mazi, ushobora gusenyuka kandi ukaba uri hasi mu gukoresha. Impamvu nyamukuru ni iyi:
(1) Ibikoresho fatizo birashwanyaguzwa cyane, kandi mu gihe cyo kubitunganya, ntibiba byakuze neza kandi byoroshye, kandi ntibishobora guhuzwa neza n'ibindi bikoresho fatizo iyo binyura mu myobo y'ibimera.
(2) Mu ifuru y'ibiryo by'amafi irimo fibre nyinshi, bitewe n'uko hari uduheri tw'umwuka mu bikoresho fatizo mu gihe cyo gushyushya, utu duheri turacika bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko hagati y'imbere n'inyuma y'ibumba mu gihe cyo gukandagira uduce, bigatuma ubuso bw'uduheri butaringaniye.
2. Ingamba zo guhangana n'ikibazo:
(1) Genzura neza uburyo bwo gusya
Muri iki gihe, iyo dukora ibiryo by'amafi, ikigo cyacu gikoresha ifu ntoya y'urushinge rwa 1.2mm nk'ibikoresho fatizo byinshi. Dugenzura inshuro urushinge rukoreshwa n'urwego rw'inyundo rusaza kugira ngo turebe ko rushobora gusya neza.
(2) Genzura umuvuduko w'umwuka ushyushye
Dukurikije formula, hindura umuvuduko w'umwuka mu buryo bukwiye mu gihe cyo gukora, muri rusange ugenzure hafi 0.2. Bitewe n'ingano nini y'ibikoresho fatizo by'imigozi biri mu formula y'ibiryo by'amafi, umwuka mwiza n'igihe gikwiye cyo gushyushya birakenewe.
3, Ubudahangarwa bw'amazi bw'uduce duto
1. Ubu bwoko bw'ikibazo ni cyo gikunze kugaragara mu musaruro wacu wa buri munsi, muri rusange gifitanye isano n'ibintu bikurikira:
(1) Igihe gito cyo gushyushya no kugabanya ubushyuhe bitera ubushyuhe budahagije cyangwa budahagije, ubushyuhe buke, n'ubushuhe budahagije.
(2) Ibikoresho byo gufatanya bidahagije nka sitashi.
(3) Igipimo cyo gukanda kw'ibumba ry'impeta kiri hasi cyane.
(4) Ingano y'amavuta n'umubare w'ibikoresho fatizo bya fibre muri iyo formula ni byinshi cyane.
(5) Ingano y'uduce duto duto.
2. Ingamba zo guhangana n'ikibazo:
(1) Kunoza ubwiza bw'umwuka ushyushye, hindura inguni y'icyuma gipima ubushyuhe, wongere igihe cyo gushyushya, kandi wongere ubushuhe bw'ibikoresho fatizo uko bikwiye.
(2) Hindura formula, wongere ibiryo by’ibanze bya starch mu buryo bukwiye, kandi ugabanye igipimo cy’ibinure n’ibinyabutabire bya fibre.
(3) Shyiramo kole nibiba ngombwa. (Ubushyuhe bwa bentonite bushingiye kuri sodium)
(4) Kunoza igipimo cyo gukanda kw'ingufuagakoresho k'impeta
(5) Kugenzura ubukana bw'aho basya ikigega
4, Ifu nyinshi mu bice by'umubiri
1. Biragoye kwemeza ko ibiryo rusange bya pellet bigaragara nyuma yo gukonjesha na mbere yo kubisuzuma. Abakiriya bavuze ko hari ivu ryiza n'ifu byinshi mu pellets. Nkurikije isesengura ryavuzwe haruguru, ndatekereza ko hari impamvu nyinshi zibitera:
A. Ubuso bw'uduce ntabwo bworoshye, aho twacitse ntabwo ari heza, kandi uduce tuba dufunguye kandi dushobora gukora ifu;
B. Gupima neza hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gupima ecran, gufunga ecran, kwangirika gukomeye kw'imipira ya rubber, umwobo w'ecran udahuye, nibindi;
C. Hari ibisigazwa byinshi by'ivu ryiza mu bubiko bw'ibicuruzwa byarangiye, kandi aho bishyirwa ntabwo ari heza cyane;
D. Hari ingaruka zihishe mu gukuraho ivumbi mu gihe cyo gupakira no gupima;
Ingamba zo guhangana n'ikibazo:
A. Kunoza imiterere ya formula, hitamo impeta ikoze neza, kandi ugenzure neza igipimo cyo gukanda.
B. Mu gihe cyo gukurura, genzura igihe cyo gushyushya, ingano y'ibiryo, n'ubushyuhe bw'ibiryo kugira ngo byere neza kandi byoroshye ibikoresho fatizo.
C. Menya neza ko igice cy'uduce giteye neza kandi ukoreshe icyuma cyoroshye cyo gukata gikozwe mu cyuma.
D. Hindura kandi ukomeze ecran y'amanota, kandi ukoreshe imiterere y'ecran ikwiye.
E. Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gusuzuma ibikoresho byarangiye mu bubiko bw'ibicuruzwa bishobora kugabanya cyane igipimo cy'ifu.
F. Ni ngombwa gusukura ububiko bw'ibicuruzwa byarangiye n'uruziga ku gihe. Byongeye kandi, ni ngombwa kunoza igikoresho cyo gupakira no gukuraho ivumbi. Ni byiza gukoresha igitutu kibi mu gukuraho ivumbi, ibyo bikaba ari byiza kurushaho. Cyane cyane mu gihe cyo gupakira, umukozi ushinzwe gupakira agomba gukomanga no gusukura ivumbi buri gihe mu gice cyo gupakira kirimo ifu..
5, Uburebure bw'uduce buratandukanye
1. Mu musaruro wa buri munsi, dukunze guhura n'ingorane mu kugenzura, cyane cyane ku bikoresho biri hejuru ya 420. Impamvu zibitera muri make ni izi zikurikira:
(1) Ingano y'ibiryo byo kugaburira ingano y'ibinyampeke ntabwo iringaniye, kandi ingaruka z'ubushyuhe zirahindagurika cyane.
(2) Icyuho kidahindagurika hagati y’udupira tw’ibumba cyangwa kwangirika gukabije kw’udupira tw’ibumba n’udupira tw’umuvuduko.
(3) Mu cyerekezo cy’uruziga rw’ibumba, umuvuduko wo gusohora ku mpera zombi uri hasi ugereranije n’uwo hagati.
(4) Umwobo ugabanya umuvuduko w'ibumba ry'impeta ni munini cyane, kandi umuvuduko wo gufungura ni munini cyane.
(5) Aho icyuma gikata giherereye n'inguni yacyo ntibikwiye.
(6) Ubushyuhe bwa granulation.
(7) Ubwoko n'uburebure bufatika (ubugari bw'icyuma, ubugari) by'icyuma gikata impeta bigira ingaruka.
(8) Muri icyo gihe, ikwirakwizwa ry'ibikoresho fatizo mu cyumba cyo gukanda ringana.
2. Ubwiza bw'ibiryo n'ibiceri muri rusange busesengurwa hashingiwe ku miterere yabyo y'imbere n'iy'inyuma. Nk'uburyo bwo gukora, turushaho guhura n'ibintu bifitanye isano n'ubwiza bw'ibiceri by'ibiryo byo hanze. Mu rwego rwo gukora, ibintu bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'ibiceri by'ibiryo byo mu mazi bishobora kuvugwa muri make ku buryo bukurikira:
(1) Imiterere n'imiterere y'amafi y'ifumbire bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bwiza bw'ibiryo byo mu mazi, bingana na 40% by'ibiryo byose hamwe;
(2) Ubukana bw'imashini isya n'ingano y'uduce duto;
(3) Ubwinshi bw'umurambararo, igipimo cyo gukanda, n'umuvuduko w'umurongo w'impeta bigira ingaruka ku burebure n'umurambararo w'uduce;
(4) Igipimo cyo gukanda, umuvuduko ugororotse, ingaruka zo kuzimya no gushyushya kw'ibumba ry'impeta, hamwe n'ingaruka z'icyuma gikata ku burebure bw'uduce;
(5) Ubushuhe bw'ibikoresho fatizo, ingaruka zo gushyushya, gukonjesha no kumisha bigira ingaruka ku bushuhe n'isura y'ibicuruzwa birangiye;
(6) Ibikoresho ubwabyo, ibintu bifasha mu gutunganya ibintu, n'ingaruka zo kuzimya no gushyushya bigira ingaruka ku gipimo cy'ifu y'udukoko;
3. Ingamba zo guhangana n'ikibazo:
(1) Hindura uburebure, ubugari, n'inguni y'icyuma gisya imyenda, hanyuma usimbuze icyashaje.
(2) Witondere guhindura aho icyuma gikata giherereye ku gihe mu ntangiriro no hafi y'umusozo w'umusaruro bitewe n'ingano nto y'ibiryo bigitunga.
(3) Mu gihe cyo gukora, menya neza ko umuvuduko w'ibiryo uhoraho kandi ko umwuka utangwa. Niba umuvuduko w'umwuka uri hasi kandi ubushyuhe budashobora kuzamuka, bigomba guhindurwa cyangwa guhagarikwa ku gihe.
(4) Hindura neza icyuho kiri hagati yaigikonoshwa cy'umuzingoKurikiza ibumba rishya ukoresheje imigozi mishya, kandi usane vuba ubuso butangana bw'ibumba rinini n'ibumba rinini bitewe no kwangirika.
(5) Sana umwobo uyobora w'ibumba ry'impeta hanyuma usukure vuba umwobo w'ibumba wafunze.
(6) Mu gutumiza ibumba ry'impeta, igipimo cyo gukanda kw'imirongo itatu y'imyobo ku mpera zombi z'icyerekezo cy'ibumba ry'impeta ry'umwimerere gishobora kuba gito kuri mm 1-2 ugereranyije n'icyo hagati.
(7) Koresha icyuma cyoroshye cyo gukata, gifite ubugari buri hagati ya mm 0.5-1, kugira ngo urebe neza ko hari inkombe ikarishye uko bishoboka kose, ku buryo iba iri ku murongo w'inyunganiramirongo hagati y'ibumba ry'impeta n'icyuma gishyushya umuvuduko.
(8) Menya neza ko ibumba ry'impeta rihagaze neza, ugenzure buri gihe aho icupa ry'icyuma rihagarara, hanyuma uryosore niba bibaye ngombwa.
6, Ingingo z'incamake zo kugenzura:
1. Gusya: Uburemere bw'imashini zisya bugomba kugenzurwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa
2. Kuvanga: Uburyo bumwe bwo kuvanga ibikoresho fatizo bugomba kugenzurwa kugira ngo harebwe ingano ikwiye yo kuvanga, igihe cyo kuvanga, ubushuhe n'ubushyuhe.
3. Gukura: Umuvuduko, ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe by'imashini ikoresha amazi bigomba kugenzurwa
Ingano n'imiterere y'ibikoresho by'uduce: hagomba gutoranywa ibipimo bikwiye by'ibumba rikanda n'ibyuma byo gukata.
5. Amazi y’ibiryo byarangiye: Ni ngombwa kugira ngo habeho igihe cyo kumisha no gukonjesha n’ubushyuhe.
6. Gutera amavuta: Ni ngombwa kugenzura neza ingano nyayo y'amavuta yo gutera, umubare w'iminwa, n'ubwiza bw'amavuta.
7. Gupima: Hitamo ingano y'urushundura ukurikije ibipimo by'ibikoresho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-30-2023