1. Ahantu hapirwa amarushanwa munganda
Nk'uko imibare y'igihugu y'ibibazo, mu myaka yashize, umusaruro w'ingero y'Ubushinwa werekanye ko imyigaragambyo yo kwiyongera, umubare w'inganda z'ibigo mu Bushinwa zerekanye inzira rusange. Impamvu nuko inganda zabutange zubushinwa zihindura buhoro buhoro uhereye mu buryo buhebuje ku cyerekezo gikomeye, kandi imishinga mito ifite ikoranabuhanga rike n'umutungo ukennye kandi ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa, buhoro buhoro ko azasimburwa. Muri icyo gihe, kubera ibintu nk'abanywanyi n'inganda no kuvugurura inganda, no kongera akazi ndetse n'ibiciro bibisi, urwego runini rw'ibigo n'ibigo byinshi bishobora gukomeza gukora mu marushanwa y'inganda.
Ku rundi ruhande, umusaruro mwinshi wakozwe, ukoreshe uko ubukungu bwabo bw'igipimo kandi bufata amahirwe yo kwishyira hamwe kwa serivisi binyuze mu bijyanye no kwibandaho cyangwa gukora neza inganda zidasanzwe z'inganda z'Ubushinwa zigana ku rugero no kwiyongera.
2. Inganda zitabora ni gukomangoma, uturere, nibihe
(1) Uturere
Uturere twororora inganda z'imisarire y'Ubushinwa dufite ibintu bimwe na bimwe byo mu karere, kubwimpamvu zikurikira: Ubwa mbere, Ubushinwa bufite ifasi nini, kandi hari itandukaniro ryinshi mubwoko bwibihingwa hamwe nintete ziterwa nimbuto. Ibiryo byibanze hamwe na konte ya Premixed kugereranyije cyane mu majyaruguru, mugihe ibiryo bikoreshwa cyane mumajyepfo; Icya kabiri, inganda ziburinzi zifitanye isano rya bugufi n'inganda zidafite imirire, kandi kubera ingeso zitandukanye zimirire hamwe nubwoko bwo kororoka mu turere dutandukanye, habaho kandi itandukaniro ry'akarere mu kugaburira. Kurugero, mubice byo ku nkombe, aqualulture nuburyo nyamukuru, mugihe mumajyaruguru y'uburasirazuba no mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa, hari inyamaswa nyinshi zizamurwa ku nka n'intama; Icya gatatu, amarushanwa mu nganda z'ibigo by'Ubushinwa ni akanya gato, hamwe n'inyungu nkeya rusange ku nyungu rusange, ingingo mbisi, inkomoko itandukanye, inkomoko itandukanye, hamwe na radiyo yo gutwara abantu. Kubwibyo, inganda zagabuyo ahanini zemeza icyitegererezo cy '"Ingabo z'igihugu, imiyoborere ihuriweho, n'imikorere yaho". Muri make, inganda zo kugaburira mu Bushinwa zerekana ibintu bimwe na bimwe.
(2) Igihe
Ibintu bigira ingaruka kunganda zirimo ibiryo birimo ibintu byinshi, cyane cyane harimo ibikoresho fatizo bisa n'inganda zisoza ibiryo, nk'ibigori na soya, bifitanye isano rya bugufi n'ubworozi bw'inyamaswa, bufitanye isano rya bugufi n'ubworozi bw'inyamaswa. Muri bo, ibikoresho byo hejuru birafatika ni ibintu byingenzi bireba inganda zibi.
Ibiciro by'ibikoresho by'ibigori byinshi nk'ibigori hamwe na soya mu majwi hifashishijwe amasoko amwe n'amwe mu masoko yo mu rugo ndetse no mu mahanga, ibintu mpuzamahanga, bigira ingaruka ku kiguzi cy'inganda zibi. Ibi bivuze ko mugihe gito, ibiciro byibiciro nibiciro bizahinduka ukurikije. Ibarura ry'inganda zitoroshye ziterwa nibintu nkindwara zinyamanswa hamwe nibiciro byisoko, kandi hari kandi ihindagurika ryibarura no kugurisha, bigira ingaruka kubyo bisabwa ibicuruzwa ku rugero runaka. Kubwibyo, hari ibiranga amashusho yisi mumirire yingengabihe mugihe gito.
Ariko, hamwe no kunoza imibereho yabantu, icyifuzo cyinyama za poroteyine cyo hejuru kandi cyiyongera, kandi inganda zaburinga muri rusange zakomeje iterambere rihamye. Nubwo hariho ihindagurika ryibiryo kubera indwara zinyamaryango zinu kumanuka nkubusaro nyafurika yinzoka, mugihe kirekire, inganda zirota muri rusange nta gihe kigaragara. Muri icyo gihe, kwibanda ku nganda z'ibiryo byongeye, kandi imishinga mizi mu nganda imaze gukurikira ihinduka ku masoko, ikagira ingamba zo kwamamaza ibicuruzwa no kubyungukiramo ibicuruzwa bihamye ku bijyanye n'isoko.
(3) Igihe
Hariho umwuka ukomeye mu mico mugihe cyibiruhuko mubushinwa, cyane cyane mugihe cyibirori nkumunsi mukuru wimpeshyi, umunsi mukuru wa Dragon, umunsi mukuru wubwato, numunsi wigihugu. Icyifuzo cyubwoko butandukanye bwinyama nabantu nabyo bizatera. Guterera imishinga mubisanzwe byongera kubara mbere kugirango bahangane no kwiyongera mubibazo mugihe cyibiruhuko, biganisha kubisabwa cyane kugaburira ibiruhuko. Nyuma y'ikiruhuko, abaguzi basaba ubworozi, inkoko, inyama, n'amafi bizagabanuka, kandi inganda zose zimeze nabi nazo zizakora intege nke, bikavamo igihe cyo kugaburira. Kugaburira ingurube, kubera iminsi mikuru ya kabiri mugice cya kabiri cyumwaka, mubisanzwe ni igihe cyo kwipimisha kugaburira ibisabwa, umusaruro, no kugurisha.
3. Gutanga no gusaba inganda zibi
Dukurikije "Igitabo cy'umwaka w'Abashinwa kigaburira" na "imibare y'imari y'igihugu" yarekuwe n'ibiro by'igihugu cy'igihugu mu myaka 217 kugeza 2022, toni zinganda z'Ubushinwa, hamwe n'iterambere ry'iterambere ry'umwaka 7.31%.
Dukurikije uburyo bwo kugaburira ubwoko bwo kugaburira, umubare wibiciro bifatanye nicyo hejuru kandi gikomeza uburyo bwo gukura vuba. Kugeza ku 2022, igipimo cyimirire yimigenzo ifatanye mumisaruro rusange ni 93.09%, yerekana inzira yo kwiyongera. Ibi bifitanye isano rya bugufi no gupima inzira yinganda zubushinwa. Muri rusange, imishinga minini y'amagorofa ikunda kugura ibikoresho byo kugaburira byuzuye, mu gihe abahinzi bato bato bazigama amafaranga yo guhinga mugura premixes cyangwa kwibanda kandi babatunganya kugirango batange ibiryo byabo. Cyane cyane nyuma yumuriro wingurube muri Afrika, kugirango bakomeze kubona umutekano wibinyabuzima, imishinga yo korora ingurube ikunda kugura ibicuruzwa byingurube muburyo bumwe, aho kugura premixes hamwe nibikoresho byibanze kubikoresho byo gutunganya urubuga.
Kugaburira ingurube nibiryo byinkoko nimpamvu nyamukuru mubikorwa byibicuruzwa byubushinwa. Dukurikije "Igitabo cy'umwaka w'Abashinwa kigaburira" na "Amakuru y'imari y'igihugu" yashyizwe ahagaragara n'ibiro by'igihugu mu gihe cy'ibiciro bitandukanye mu byiciro bitandukanye byo korora mu Bushinwa kuva 2017 kugeza 2022.
4. Urwego rwa tekiniki n'ibiranga inganda zibi
Inganda ziheburinganiye zahoze ari igice cyingenzi cyubuhinzi bugezweho, kigira ingaruka kumpinduka no kuzamura urunigi rwinganda zinyuze mu guhanga udushya. Kubera ingamba z'inganda, mu banyeshuri, n'ubushakashatsi, inganda z'ibiryo zakomeje guteza imbere iterambere rirambye ry'ubuhinzi mu turere nka fortuvation udushya, no gusimbuza imirire. Muri icyo gihe, yateje imbere amakuru n'ubwenge bw'inganda z'ibiryo mu bikoresho byo ku musaruro no gutunganya, guha imbaraga urunigi rw'ibigo n'ikoranabubi.
(1) Urwego rwa tekiniki yo kugaburira
Hamwe no kwihutisha kuvura ubuhinzi no kwimbitse mubushakashatsi kugaburira, guhitamo imiterere yuburyo bwa formula yahindutse irushanwa ryibanze ryimiterere yimiterere. Ubushakashatsi ku bikoresho bishya byambuwe no gusimburwa kwabo byabaye icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'inganda, biteza imbere gutandukana no gutunganya imirire yo kugaburira imiterere.
Igiciro cyo kugaburira nikintu nyamukuru kigize amafaranga yo korora, kandi ibikoresho fatizo bisa nkifunguro ryibigori hamwe na soya nabyo nibigize ibiciro byingenzi byibiciro. Due to the price fluctuations of feed raw materials such as corn and soybean meal, and the main dependence on imports of soybeans, finding alternatives to feed raw materials to reduce feed costs has become a research direction for enterprises. Kugaburira ibigo bishingiye kubice byo kumusaruro byubundi buryo hamwe nibyiza bya geografiya byibigo byabugenewe, ibindi bikoresho bitandukanye birashobora kandi kwemezwa. Kubijyanye no gusimbuza antibiyotike, hamwe no kunoza ikoranabuhanga, gushyira mu bikorwa amavuta yingenzi, progiyotike, enzyme imyiteguro, na prijis iriyongera. Muri icyo gihe, inganda zinganda zikomeje kandi gukora ubushakashatsi kuri gahunda yo gusimbuza antibiyotike, guteza imbere kwinjiza intungamubiri zose binyuze mubyo wongeyeho, kandi bagera ku ngaruka nziza.
Kugeza ubu, kuyobora imishinga yo kugaburira mu nganda byatumye bitera imbere mu murima w'ibikoresho bisomeka mu buryo buke, kandi burashobora gusubiza neza ihindagurika mu biciro bibi binyuze mu biciro bifatika binyuze mu gusimbuza ibintu fatije; Gukoresha inyongera za microbial zashimangiye, ariko haracyari ikibazo cyo guhindura guhuza cyangwa kurangiza ibiryo kugirango ugere kumirire myiza.
5.. Inzira yiterambere ryinganda zibi
(1) Igipimo no Guhinduka cyane no kuzamura Inganda ZIKURIKIRA
Kugeza ubu, amarushanwa mu nganda z'ibiryo aragenda akomera, kandi imishinga minini yo gutunganya irushanwa yerekanye inyungu zifatika zo kugaburira mu bushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'ibicuruzwa, kugaburira ibicuruzwa bitanga umusaruro, nomero no kugaburira gahunda ya sisitemu, hamwe na sisitemu ya gahunda. Muri Nyakanga 2020, gushyira mu bikorwa amategeko arwanya ubupfura no kuzamuka kw'ibiciro by'ibigori bifatika nk'ibigori byo gutunganya ibigori bigabanuka cyane, bikaba byatewe inkunga n'inganda mbi, ubudahwema gutera uruganda rwo kubaho mu buryo buciriritse. Ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse byo gutunganya imitunganyirize bizasohoka buhoro buhoro isoko, kandi ibigo binini bizagira umwanya munini kandi wisoko.
(2) Gukomeza guhitamo formulaing
Hamwe no kongera kumenya ibintu bifatika mu nganda no kunoza ububiko bworora bwororoka, ukuri no kwihindura formulaire y'ibiryo bigenda neza. Muri icyo gihe, imibereho n'ubukungu bisaba abantu basaba kandi guhora basunika imishinga yo kugaburira ibidukikije byo kurengera ibidukikije bike, iterambere ry'inyama, n'ibikoresho by'inyongera bikora iyo formulaire. Kugaburira ibiryo bike bya poroteyine, ibiryo bikora, nibindi bicuruzwa bihora byitangirwa kumasoko, uburyo bwo guhitamo formulaire yerekana icyerekezo cyiterambere ryibibazo.
(3) Kunoza ubushobozi bwingwate bwo kugaburira ibikoresho fatizo no kugenzura ibiciro
Inganda zigaburira ibikoresho fatizo zirimo ahanini ingufu zifatika hamwe nifunguro rya poroteyine mbisi. Mu myaka yashize, imiterere yinganda zubushinwa zahinduwe buhoro buhoro, muburyo bumwe bwo kunoza kwihaza kuburiganya ibikoresho fatizo. Ariko, uko ibintu bimeze muri iki gihe cyo kugaburira ibikoresho bya poroteyine by'Ubushinwa bishingikirije mu mahanga bitumizwa mu mahanga biracyahari, kandi gushidikanya ku bibazo by'isumbuye ku bushobozi bw'inganda mbi. Kunoza ubushobozi bwo kwemeza kugaburira ibikoresho fatizo nihitamo byanze bikunze kugirango uhagarike ibiciro byagaburinganire nubwiza.
Mugihe utezimbere imiterere yinganda zubushinwa no kunoza mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro, inganda ziterwa n'imitako zitanga umusaruro w'ibihugu bitumizwa mu mahanga, kandi bishimangira ibikorwa byo gutanga ibitekerezo bitumizwa mu mahanga, kandi bishimangira ibikorwa byo gutanga ibitekerezo bitumizwa mu mahanga, kandi bishimangira ibikorwa byo gutanga ibitekerezo bitumizwa mu mahanga. Gukoresha byuzuye ibiciro, imiterere ya kwota nubundi buryo bwo gusobanukirwa umuvuduko wibintu bibi. Muri icyo gihe, tuzakomeza gushimangira kuzamura no gushyira mu bikorwa ubwoko bushya bwo kugaburira imirire mu mikino kose, kandi tugateza imbere kugabanya umubare w'ibikoresho fatizo bya poroteyine byongeweho mu mafoto; Komeza ububiko bwibikoresho byo gusimbuza ibikoresho, kandi ukoreshe ingano, sayiri, nibindi kugirango usimburwe nibikoresho shingiro hashingiwe kubyemeza ubuziranenge. Usibye ibikoresho gakondo mbisi, inganda ziburiganya zikomeje gukanda mubushobozi bwibiryo, nko gushyigikira umwuma no gukama ibibyimba byiza nimboga, lees, lees, nibikoresho shingiro; Mugukora imiyoboro y'ibinyabuzima no gusebanya ku mubiri ku bicuruzwa byo gutunganya amakango, ibikubiye mu mikoreshereze y'intungamubiri mu buhinzi no kugaburira kugaburira umusaruro w'inganda, hanyuma uhinduke ibikoresho bibisi byoroshye, hanyuma uhinduke ibikoresho bibisi byoroshye, hanyuma uhinduke ibikoresho bibisi byoroshye, hanyuma uhinduke ibikoresho bibisi byoroshye, hanyuma uhinduke ibikoresho bibisi byoroshye, hanyuma bikanone kugaburira ibikoresho bibisi, kandi bigatera imbere kugaburira ubushobozi bwinganda bwo kugaburira ibikoresho fatizo.
(4) 'Ibicuruzwa + Serivise' bizahinduka imwe mu myitozo yibanze ya Enterprises
Mu myaka yashize, imiterere y'inganda zitoroshye mu nganda z'ibiryo zahoraga zihinduka, hamwe n'abahinzi bato'ubusa n'inzego ntoya yo mu mazu yo mu buryo butazindutse buhoro buhoro kuzamura imirima igezweho cyangwa basohokera isoko. Kumanuka kwinganda zitabora ni kwerekana inzira yubunini, hamwe numugabane wisoko ryimirima nini yubupfura, harimo no mu mirima ya kijyambere, harimo no buhoro buhoro kwaguka. Ibicuruzwa + Serivisi "bivuga ibikorwa byihariye byo gukora ibikomoka ku bakiriya ku giti cyabo n'ibigo bishingiye ku bisabwa. Hamwe no kwibanda ku nganda zitoroshye, moderi yihariye yabaye uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo gukurura abakiriya ba Encytram.
Mubikorwa bya serivisi, kugaburira ibigo bihuza gahunda idasanzwe yibicuruzwa bikubiyemo guhinduka no guhitamo imirire no gucunga urubuga kubakiriya babo, hamwe na genes zubuzima, nubuzima. Usibye ibicuruzwa ubwabyo, gahunda igomba no guherekezwa n'amasomo ajyanye n'amasomo ajyanye no guhindura ibintu muri make muri software na hordewar, no guterwa no kurokora, no kugenzura indwara, no kugenzura indwara, no kurwanya indwara, n'intambwe zo kuvura indwara, n'indwara zindwara, n'intambwe zo kwivuza.
Mugihe kizaza, ibigo bizatanga ibisubizo byingirakamaro bishingiye kubikenewe byabakoresha zitandukanye ningingo zububabare bwibihe bitandukanye. Muri icyo gihe, imishinga izakoresha amakuru y'abakoresha kugira ngo ashyireho ubumuga bwabo, gukusanya amakuru harimo ibiganiro by'intungamubiri, ingaruka zo kugaburira, no kuzamura ibintu neza ibyo abahinzi babishaka, kandi bazamure neza abakiriya b'ibigo by'ubuyobera.
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Hamwe no kunoza imibereho yabaturage b'Abashinwa, icyifuzo cy'amatungo ya poroteyine yo mu rwego rwo hejuru no mu gihe cy'inyamanswa cyiyongereyeho umwaka, nk'inka, umwana w'intama, amafi n'inyama z'ingurube. Mu gihe cyo gutanga raporo, umusaruro w'ibiryo bya Ruminant n'ibiryo by'amazi mu Bushinwa byakomeje kwiyongera, gukomeza umuvuduko mwinshi.
(6) Ibinyabuzima ni kimwe munganda zigaragara mu Bushinwa
Ibinyabuzima ni kimwe mu nganda zigaragara mu Bushinwa. Ibinyabuzima bivuga ibicuruzwa byateguwe binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga mu binyabuzima nk'ubuvugizi bwa fermentation, Enzyme Ubwubatsi, hamwe na proteyine yo kugaburira ibikoresho fatizo ndetse no kugaburira ibigo bisembuye, kugaburira ibinyabuzima. Kugeza ubu, inganda ziroga zinjiye mu gihe cy'ipimishije zo ku buryo bwuzuye, zifite ibiciro birebire by'ibikoresho gakondo bikaga no gushyira mu gaciro umuriro w'ingurube nyafurika n'izindi ndwara. Umuvuduko n'ingorane zihuye n'ibiryo bihuye n'inganda zitoroshye ziriyongera umunsi ku munsi. Ibikomoka ku binyabuzima bivuye ku isi byahindutse ubushakashatsi ku isi na hotspot yo gusabana mu murima w'ubworozi kubera ko borohereza iterambere ry'iterambere ry'imigenzo, bumvirika umutekano n'amatungo y'ibidukikije.
Mu myaka yashize, tekinoroji yibanze mu rugamba rwo kugaburira ibinyabuzima buhoro buhoro, kandi impande zombi zororoka, zigaburira inzira nziza, ibikoresho byo gutunganya, ibikoresho byo gutunganya, no kuvura imirire, no kuvura ingumi. Mu bihe biri imbere, hakurikijwe ibibujijwe no gusimbuza antibiotique, imikurire y'ibinyabuzima izahita yihuta. Muri icyo gihe, inganda zigaburirwa zikeneye gushiraho ubumuga bwibanze bwimirire isemburwa hamwe na sisitemu yo gusuzuma ikora, koresha ibinyabuzima bihuye, kandi ukoreshe ibikoresho byakurikiranwe, kandi bitunga ibikoresho bisanzwe byangiza ibinyabuzima bikurikirana.
(7) icyatsi, urugwiro rwibidukikije, kandi iterambere rirambye
"Gahunda yimyaka 15 itandatu" asobanura gahunda yiterambere inganda yo "guteza imbere iterambere ryatsi kandi riteza imbere kubana neza hagati yabantu na kamere". "Guyobora ibitekerezo bikubiyemo kwihutisha ishyirwaho no kuzamura icyatsi na karubone ntoya ya karubone. Icyatsi, igituba-gito, kandi gifite urugwiro "ni kimwe mu bice by'imirima itarangwamo n'imirima y'amatungo, ikubiyemo ibintu byinshi byangiza nka ampila na hydrogen sulfide. Ibintu byangiza byavuzwe haruguru byanduza amazi n'ubutaka binyuze mu bidukikije, kandi birashobora no kugira ingaruka ku buzima bw'imirire mu buryo bwo kugabanya imyanda y'inyamanswa kandi igashyira mu gaciro. Kuri ibiryo, bityo bigabanya imyuka yibintu bifite ingaruka kubidukikije nkumwanda, Ammomiya, na fosifore. Mu bihe biri imbere, kugaburira bizakomeza kubaka amatsinda yubushakashatsi bwubushakashatsi mu gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere biotechnology, kubona uburinganire hagati yicyatsi kibisi, gito kandi igenzura.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nov-10-2023