Bitewe n’ibintu byangiza bike nka ivu, azote, na sulfure muri biyomasi ugereranije n’ingufu z’amabuye y'agaciro, ifite ibiranga ububiko bunini, ibikorwa byiza bya karubone, gutwika byoroshye, hamwe n’ibice byinshi bihindagurika.Kubwibyo, biomass nigitoro cyiza cyane cyingufu kandi irakwiriye cyane guhinduka no kuyikoresha.Ivu risigaye nyuma yo gutwikwa na biomass rikungahaye ku ntungamubiri zisabwa n'ibimera nka fosifore, calcium, potasiyumu, na magnesium, bityo birashobora gukoreshwa nk'ifumbire yo gusubira mu murima.Urebye umutungo munini hamwe n’inyungu zidasanzwe zishobora kuvugururwa z’ingufu za biyomass, kuri ubu ifatwa nk’ihitamo ry’ingenzi mu iterambere ry’ingufu nshya z’igihugu n’ibihugu byo ku isi.Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura ry’Ubushinwa yavuze neza muri "Gahunda yo Gushyira mu bikorwa Ikoreshwa ry’Ibihingwa By’ibihingwa muri gahunda y’imyaka 12 y’imyaka itanu" ko igipimo cy’imikoreshereze y’ibyatsi kizagera kuri 75% muri 2013, kandi giharanira kurenga 80% na 2015.
Uburyo bwo guhindura ingufu za biyomasi muburyo bwiza, busukuye, kandi bworoshye bwabaye ikibazo cyihutirwa gukemurwa.Ikoranabuhanga rya biyomasi ni bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo kunoza imikorere yo gutwika ingufu za biyomasi no koroshya ubwikorezi.Kugeza ubu, hari ubwoko bune busanzwe bwibikoresho byubaka ku masoko yo mu gihugu no hanze y’amahanga: imashini ikuramo spiral, imashini yerekana kashe ya piston, imashini ibumba imashini, hamwe n’imashini ifata impeta.Muri byo, imashini yimpeta ya pellet ikoreshwa cyane kubera ibiyiranga nko kudakenera gushyuha mugihe ikora, ibisabwa byinshi kubintu bitose (10% kugeza 30%), imashini nini imwe isohoka, ubwinshi bwo kwikuramo, kandi byiza Ingaruka.Nyamara, ubu bwoko bwimashini za pellet mubusanzwe bufite ibibi nko kwambara byoroshye, ubuzima bwa serivisi ngufi, amafaranga menshi yo kubungabunga, hamwe no gusimburwa nabi.Mu gusubiza amakosa yavuzwe haruguru yimashini yimpeta ya pellet, umwanditsi yakoze igishushanyo mbonera gishya cyo kunoza imiterere yububiko, kandi yashushanyije ubwoko bwashizweho bugizwe nubuzima burebure bwa serivisi, amafaranga make yo kubungabunga, no kubungabunga neza.Hagati aho, iyi ngingo yakoze isesengura ryuburyo bwo gukora mugihe cyakazi.
1. Gutezimbere Igishushanyo mbonera cyimiterere yububiko bwa Granateri
1.1 Intangiriro yuburyo bwo gushiraho ibicuruzwa:Imashini ipfa pellet imashini irashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: uhagaritse kandi utambitse, bitewe numwanya wimpeta ipfa;Ukurikije uburyo bwo kugenda, irashobora kugabanywamo uburyo bubiri butandukanye bwo kugenda: uruzitiro rukora rukora hamwe nimpeta ihamye hamwe nurupapuro rukora rukanda hamwe nimpeta yimodoka.Igishushanyo mbonera cyerekanwe cyane cyane kumashini yimpeta yimpeta ifite moteri ikora kandi ikora impeta ihamye nkuburyo bwo kugenda.Igizwe ahanini nibice bibiri: uburyo bwo gutanga hamwe nuburyo bwo guhinduranya impeta.Impeta yimpeta hamwe nigitutu cyumuvuduko nibintu bibiri byingenzi bigize imashini yimpeta ya pellet, hamwe nibice byinshi byerekana imyobo ikwirakwizwa hafi yimpeta yimpeta, kandi uruzitiro rwumuvuduko rushyirwa imbere muburyo bwimpeta.Umuvuduko wumuvuduko uhujwe na spindle yoherejwe, kandi impeta yimpeta yashyizwe kumurongo uhamye.Iyo spindle izunguruka, itwara uruziga rw'umuvuduko kuzunguruka.Ihame ryakazi: Icya mbere, uburyo bwo gutanga ibintu butwara biomass yamenetse mubunini buke (3-5mm) mubyumba byo guhunika.Hanyuma, moteri itwara uruziga runini kugirango rutware uruziga ruzunguruka, kandi uruziga rwumuvuduko rugenda kumuvuduko uhoraho kugirango ukwirakwize ibintu hagati yikizunguruka nigitereko cyimpeta, bigatuma impeta yimpeta yikuramo kandi igaterana hamwe nibikoresho , igitutu cyumuvuduko hamwe nibikoresho, nibikoresho hamwe nibikoresho.Mugihe cyo gukanda friction, selile na hemicellulose mubikoresho bihuza hamwe.Muri icyo gihe, ubushyuhe buterwa no gukanda friction bworoshya lignin mu kintu gisanzwe, bigatuma selile, hemicellulose, nibindi bice bihuza cyane.Hamwe nogukomeza kwuzuza ibikoresho bya biomass, ubwinshi bwibintu byakorewe compression no guterana mu mwobo wibumba bikomeza kwiyongera.Muri icyo gihe, imbaraga zo gukurura hagati ya biyomass zikomeje kwiyongera, kandi zikomeza kwiyongera no gukora mu mwobo.Iyo umuvuduko wo gusohora uruta imbaraga zo guterana amagambo, biomass isohora ubudahwema kuva mu mwobo uzengurutse ifumbire yimpeta, ikora amavuta ya biomass hamwe nubucucike bwa 1g / Cm3.
1.2 Kwambara gushiraho:Imashini imwe isohoka mumashini ya pellet nini, hamwe nurwego rwo hejuru rwo kwikora kandi ihuza cyane nibikoresho fatizo.Irashobora gukoreshwa cyane mugutunganya ibikoresho bitandukanye bya biyomasi, bikwiranye n’umusaruro munini w’ibicuruzwa bya biomass bikora ibicanwa, kandi byujuje ibisabwa byiterambere by’ubucucike bwa biomass butangiza inganda za peteroli mu bihe biri imbere.Kubwibyo, imashini ya pellet imashini ikoreshwa cyane.Bitewe nuko hashobora kuba hari umucanga muke hamwe nindi myanda itari biomass mubikoresho bitunganijwe bya biomass, birashoboka cyane ko bitera kwangirika gukabije kumashini yimashini ya pellet.Ubuzima bwa serivisi bwimpeta ibarwa hashingiwe kubushobozi bwo gukora.Kugeza ubu, ubuzima bwa serivisi yimpeta mubushinwa ni 100-1000t gusa.
Kunanirwa kwimpeta yimpeta bibaho cyane cyane mubintu bine bikurikira: ① Nyuma yuko impeta yimpeta ikora mugihe runaka, urukuta rwimbere rwumwobo wububiko rwambaye kandi aperture ikiyongera, bikavamo ihinduka rikomeye ryamavuta yakozwe yakozwe;S Ahantu ho kugaburira umwobo wimpfu zimpeta zishaje zirashaje, bigatuma igabanuka ryibintu bya biomass byanyunyujwe mu mwobo wapfuye, kugabanuka k'umuvuduko ukabije, no guhagarika byoroshye umwobo wapfuye, biganisha kuri kunanirwa kw'impeta y'impeta (Ishusho 2);③ Nyuma y'ibikoresho by'urukuta rw'imbere kandi bigabanya cyane umubare w'isohoka (Ishusho 3);
④ Nyuma yo kwambara umwobo wimbere wububiko bwimpeta, uburebure bwurukuta hagati yibice byegeranye L bigenda byoroha, bikaviramo kugabanuka kwimbaraga zuburyo bwimpeta.Ibice bikunda kugaragara mugice kibangamiye cyane, kandi uko ibice bikomeza kwaguka, ibintu byo kuvunika impeta bibaho.Impamvu nyamukuru yo kwambara byoroshye hamwe nigihe gito cya serivisi yubuzima bwimpeta ni imiterere idafite ishingiro yimiterere yimpeta (impeta yimpeta ihujwe nu mwobo wububiko).Imiterere ihuriweho byombi ikunda kubona ibisubizo nkibi: rimwe na rimwe iyo bike gusa bigize imyobo yububiko bwimpeta yashaje kandi ntibishobora gukora, impapuro zose zimpeta zigomba gusimburwa, ibyo ntibizana gusa ikibazo cyo gusimbuza, ariko kandi itera imyanda ikomeye mubukungu kandi yongera amafaranga yo kubungabunga.
1.3 Igishushanyo mbonera cyo kunoza imiterere yo gushushanyaKugirango wongere ubuzima bwa serivisi yimpeta yimashini ya pellet, kugabanya kwambara, koroshya gusimburwa, no kugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga, birakenewe gukora igishushanyo mbonera gishya cyo kunoza imiterere yimpeta.Ibishushanyo mbonera byashizwemo byakoreshejwe mugushushanya, kandi imiterere yimitambiko yo kunonosora ibyumba irerekanwa mumashusho ya 4. Igicapo 5 kirerekana ibice byambukiranya ibice byubatswe neza.
Igishushanyo mbonera cyibanze cyane cyane kumashini yimpeta yimpeta ifite uburyo bwo kugenda bwumuvuduko ukabije hamwe nimpeta ihamye.Impeta yo hepfo yimpeta yashyizwe kumubiri, kandi imizingo ibiri yumuvuduko ihujwe nigiti kinini binyuze mu isahani ihuza.Ifumbire mvaruganda yashyizwe kumurongo wimpeta yo hepfo (ukoresheje interineti ikwiranye), kandi impeta yo hejuru yo hejuru yashyizwe kumurongo wimpeta yo hepfo binyuze mumababi hanyuma igashyirwa kumurongo.Muri icyo gihe, mu rwego rwo gukumira ifumbire mvaruganda idasubirana bitewe n'imbaraga nyuma yuko uruziga rw'umuvuduko ruzengurutse kandi rukagenda mu buryo butambitse ku mpeta y'impeta, imigozi ya konti ikoreshwa mu gutunganya ibishushanyo bibumbabumbwe kugeza ku mpande zo hejuru no hepfo.Kugirango ugabanye ubukana bwibintu byinjira mu mwobo kandi birusheho koroha kwinjira mu mwobo.Inguni ya conique yo kugaburira umwobo wagenewe gukora ni 60 ° kugeza 120 °.
Igishushanyo mbonera cyimiterere yuburyo bugizwe nibiranga uruziga rwinshi nubuzima bwa serivisi ndende.Iyo imashini yimashini ikora mugihe runaka, igihombo cyo guterana gitera aperture yibibumbano biba binini kandi bigahinduka.Iyo ibishushanyo byambarwa byambuwe bikuweho kandi bikagurwa, birashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibindi bisobanuro byo gukora ibice.Ibi birashobora kugera kumikoreshereze yububiko no kuzigama kubungabunga no gusimbuza ibiciro.
Kugirango wongere igihe cyumurimo wa granulator no kugabanya ibiciro byumusaruro, uruziga rwumuvuduko rukoresha ibyuma byinshi bya karubone ndende ya manganese ibyuma birwanya kwambara neza, nka 65Mn.Ifumbire mvaruganda igomba kuba ikozwe mubyuma bya karubisi cyangwa karuboni nkeya ya nikel chromium ivanze, nko kuba irimo Cr, Mn, Ti, nibindi. imikorere ni ntoya ugereranije no gushiraho.Kubwibyo, ibyuma bisanzwe bya karubone, nkibyuma 45, birashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byo guhunika.Ugereranije na gakondo ihuriweho hamwe, irashobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ryibyuma bihenze, bityo bikagabanya ibiciro byumusaruro.
2. Isesengura ryuburyo bwimikorere yimashini yimpeta ya pellet mugihe cyakazi cyo gukora.
Mugihe cyo kubumba, lignine mubikoresho byoroha rwose kubera umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwabyaye mubibumbano.Iyo igitutu cyo gukuramo kitiyongera, ibikoresho bigenda byiyongera.Ibikoresho bitemba neza nyuma ya plastike, kuburyo uburebure bushobora gushirwa kuri d.Ifumbire mvaruganda ifatwa nkicyombo cyumuvuduko, kandi guhangayikishwa no kubumba byoroshye.
Binyuze mu isesengura ryibara ryavuzwe haruguru, dushobora kwemeza ko kugirango tubone igitutu umwanya uwariwo wose uri imbere, ni ngombwa kumenya umuzenguruko uzenguruka icyo gihe imbere yububiko.Noneho, imbaraga zo guterana hamwe nigitutu aho hantu birashobora kubarwa.
3. Umwanzuro
Iyi ngingo irerekana uburyo bushya bwo kunoza imiterere yuburyo bwo gukora impeta ya pelletizer.Gukoresha ibishushanyo mbonera byashizwemo birashobora kugabanya neza kwambara, kwagura ubuzima bwikigihe, koroshya gusimburwa no kubungabunga, no kugabanya ibiciro byumusaruro.Muri icyo gihe, isesengura ry’imashini ryakozwe ku buryo bwo gukora mu gihe cyakoraga, ritanga urufatiro rw’ubushakashatsi bwo gukora ubushakashatsi mu gihe kizaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-22-2024